ships rigging terminology

Bulwark (Fig. See also Ribband carvel. G-13d). Rudder post. G-14e). For the largest seagoing ships, rudder construction was complex and required huge timbers, the assembly sometimes weighing several tons. Rising wood [Deadwood, Hog] (Figs. Surmark [Sirmark]. Flat scarf (Fig. The parts of an Admiralty anchor. Free tenon and three or more mortises (Fig. G-8). Chine. The stocks; a structure on which a vessel was built. The sills, lintles, and filling pieces that shape and reinforce the gunports. G-7a). Deadwood knee (Fig. Diminishing strakes (Fig. G-11b). Mold loft. G-5, no. See more ideas about sailing ships, tall ships, model ships. G-7e). G-7f). See Partners and Mast carlings. Redrawn from old notebook sketches. G-9). The flat part of the hull in the area of the midship frame; generally, the widest part of the hull, which separated the forward part from the after part. G-9). Ahoy, mateys! A strake of planking that is discontinued near the bow or stern because of decreasing hull surface area. Whole molding. Rising wood was located between the apron or forward deadwood and the after deadwood, and was sometimes referred to as the central or keel deadwood. G-3). Anderson. Some of these cookies are essential to the operation of the site, while others help to improve your experience by providing insights into how the site is being used. or pounds. G-5, nos. The term was also used infrequently to denote the midship frame. A vertical pin at the forward edge of a stern-hung rudder that fit into a gudgeon on the sternpost to form a hinge. Used in superstructure fabrications or places where hull planking was too narrow to provide sufficient seating for the desired tenon length. An English term for the modern Norwegian word describing the fishtail-shaped mast partners on Viking vessels. A name sometimes given to the main stempost or to the forward layer of timbers in a double-layered stem. Figure G-16. Cable locker [Cable tier]. (p. 1119) Running rigging The lines and wires (rigging) that are used to raise, lower and adjust the sails. Cuddy. A platform or projecting structure forward of the forecastle. Nautical Terms. Rising line (Fig. G-18). Morgenster up the rigging stowing the sails How Agile do I need to be to Climb the Rigging ? siren A sound signal which uses electricity or compressed air to actuate either a disc or a cup shaped rotor. Sheer plan. A transverse plank in a boat or galley; used to seat rowers, support masts, or provide lateral stiffness. Stream anchor. Belts of outer planking above and below the wales that were successively reduced in thickness, providing a more gradual transition from the protrusion of the wales to the thickness of the side planking. A tool used to determine frame face bevels. The Braces are what steers the yards to capture the wind. An upright timber supporting the shaft of a windlass; also called a carrick head or windlass bitt. Floor head. Also, the straps of a pintle or gudgeon. G-3). G-13). A northern European designation, it is used almost exclusively in reference to cogs and cog-like vessels. G-14a–c). An iron, hollow-ended tool used to drive roves over the ends of nails and bolts before clenching. Batten. Gunport framing. Level lines. The fore-and-aft angle or curvature of an inner or outer frame surface. Rider keelson (Fig. Bite [Bitar (pl.)]. A type of scarf used primarily to join the keel to the stem or keel timbers to each other. Locked pintle. Rudder head (Fig. Channel [Chain wale]. Hull timbers; a composite sectional view, using the form of the ship-sloop Peacock: (1) false keel; (2) keel; (3) garboard; (4) rising wood [deadwood]; (5) floor timber; (6) keelson; (7) stanchion; (8) limber board; (9) limber strake; (10) limber hole; (11) thick stuff [footwaling]; (12) common ceiling; (13) bottom planking; (14) bilge strakes; (15) footwale; (16) second futtock; (17) dagger knee; (18) shelf clamp; (19) lodging knee; (20) lower [or berthing] deck beam; (21) lower deck planking; (22) waterway; (23) spirketting; (24) lining [quickwork]; (25) clamp; (26) diminishing strakes; (27) wale; (28) top timber; (29) hanging knee; (30) upper deck beam; (31) camber; (32) binding strake; (33) bulwark; (34) planksheer; (35) gunwale; (36) tumblehome; and (37) caprail. Described variously as the part of a hull above the waterline or the part above the turn of the bilge. It was so named because it did not require caulking or precision joinery and therefore could be erected comparatively quickly. Inner stempost. English documents most frequently referred to this timber as a margin plank; American contracts more commonly called it a nibbing strake. Berth deck [Birth deck] (Fig. were fitted. G-3). The lowest permanent ceiling strake, fastened to the tops of the frames next to the limber boards and keelson. A thin covering of metal or wood, to protect hulls from marine life or fouling, or to stabilize and protect surface material applied for that purpose. G-14d). Hawse bolster. Rabbeted timbers running parallel to the keel and atop the floor timbers for the purpose of supporting transverse ceiling planks. Appendix: Scientific Analyses and Dating Techniques. The tip of the anchor’s palm; also called a pea, peak, or pick. Variously, a short, raised foredeck, the forward part of the upper deck between the foremast and the stem, or the quarters below the foredeck. PRINTED FROM OXFORD HANDBOOKS ONLINE (www.oxfordhandbooks.com). Figure G-6. Varies slowly over time. known as hollow molds, and compound or reverse molds included entire frame shapes. Rake. Rudder trunk. The upper portions of the narrow ends of a vessel; cited individually in some documents as forepeak and afterpeak. The aftermost frames were the fashion pieces, which shaped the stern. Athwartships. To shape or adjust a timber or timbers to the correct curvature or location; also, to correct discrepancies in a ship’s drawings. Forecastle. The broadest part of the hull; the widest body shape, formed by the centerline of the midship frame. Rudder breeching. Hypozomata. The former line was called the rise of floor line or the floor head line; the latter was known as the height of breadth line. Rove [Roove] (Fig. Mae West A Second World War personal flotation device used to keep people afloat in the water; named after the 1930s actress Mae West, well known for her large bosom. G-13d). G-16). Rider [Rider frame] (Fig. Drift bolt. Where extra molding was required, one or more additional keelsons, called rider keelsons or false keelsons, were bolted to the top of the main keelson. The act of arranging butts and scarfs so that adjacent joints are not in vertical alignment, thereby avoiding possible hull weaknesses. It should not be confused with a false keel, whose primary purpose was to protect the keel’s lower surface. A bracing timber used to prevent a mast step from shifting laterally; also, a curved or angular timber, similar to a breast hook and used for a similar purpose in the lower part of the stern. An opening in the knee of the head through which the bowsprit gammoning (lashing) passed. The part of the hull above the full-load waterline. Large mortises were sometimes referred to as steps. A small transverse member, often flexible and composed of one or several pieces, that stiffened the outer skin of a hull. A term used frequently to describe the caulking of lapstrake (clinker-built) hulls. Wale. Bevel (Fig. Gundeck (Fig. The outer lining, or shell, of a hull. The side of a vessel above its upper deck. G-12e). Frame (Fig. G-18b). A transverse timber, or line or assembly of timbers, that described the body shape of a vessel and to which the planking and ceiling were fastened. Jigger. Reaming iron [Reeming iron] (Fig. Freeboard. Figure G-13. Diagonals. Steering oar. The practice of adding timber to the sides of ships to increase their breadth and thereby improve stability. The various spars used aboard ship (6 terms) Topmast. The area of the hull’s bottom on which it would rest if grounded; generally, the outer end of the floor. Forelock bolt (Fig. Main frame. Counter timbers (Figs. Standing rigging is the wires that hold in place the mast, and running rigging is the ropes or wires used to hoist, lower and control the sails. A cavity cut into a timber to receive a tenon. G-3 and G-4). frames, where “thick” and “wide” or “height” and “depth” become confusing. Chamfer [Beveled edge] (Fig. G-2h). Anchor bed. The flat, sloping surface created by slicing the edge off a timber. Forelock bolts were one of the most popular of shipbuilding fastenings, being commonly used to secure major timbers from Roman times until the nineteenth century. Sheathing. slight arch or convexity to a beam or deck of a ship. Butt joint (Fig. A hole or channel cut in a vessel’s side or waterway to drain off deck water. Withy. in 1874, was the largest wooden sailing ship ever built in Canada. Until the middle of the medieval period, the practice was to mount rudders on one or both stern quarters; these were known as quarter rudders. Floor. Chock (Figs. (p. 1146) Kingplank [Central strake, Kingstrake]. Cattail. A wale, or belt of wales, located at the line of the channels, to which the chains of the shrouds were fastened. Curved rails extending from the bow to the knee of the head. The ends of planks that fit into the stem and sternpost rabbets; hooding ends were sometimes reduced in thickness to permit a better join with the posts. Poop [Poopdeck]. Plate knee [Plate] (Fig. Another term for the stock of a quarter rudder. G-3 and G-9l). The tools of the trade (27 terms) Typical fastenings: (a) square-headed spike used for planking and general fastening; (b) round-headed dump used for similar fastening; (c) nineteenth-century copper nail used to attach copper sheathing to hull bottoms; (d) fourth-century [BCE] copper nail used to fasten lead sheathing to hull bottoms; (e) a short drift bolt; (f) unheaded rag bolt, barbed with a chisel to deter withdrawal; bolts were sometimes made without heads, the head being formed by pounding; they could be used with or without roves washers); (g) clench bolt, often designated as “bolt” in contemporary documents; (h) forelock bolt; (i) eye bolt; (j) hook bolt; (k) fishplate; (1) horseshoe plate; (m) planks being aligned with a rectangular, or block, coak and (n) with a cylindrical coak dowel; (o) a wedged treenail in a blind hole; and (p) a headed treenail in a through hole; it is wedged at its inner end. G-5, no. Only carried by a few ships. (p. 1121) Rigging is a significant part of the process of building a model ship. Double-ender. Shoe (Figs. False stem. A metal rod or bar whose sharpened ends were bent at right angles, used to fasten false keels to keels or to secure planking seams that tended to separate. Caprail [Main rail, Cap] (Fig. Patch tenons were normally used in the replacement of rotten or damaged planking. A small craft capable of being carried aboard a ship. Strake [Streake]. The basis of all rigging is the mast, which may be composed of one or many pieces of wood or metal. The side view of a vessel’s hull plan. To drive oakum, moss, animal hair, or other fibrous material into the seams of planking and cover it with pitch to make the seams watertight. The principal timbers of a vessel. Ever since I was an avid model-maker as a kid, and now a game modeler as an adult, I have been fascinated by sailing ship models and ships in bottles. Bitt [Bit] (Fig. The mechanism, consisting of chains, ropes, blocks, etc., used to transfer movement of the wheel to the tiller. Rigging , Expressions. The after part of the bow, where the side began curving inward toward the stem. The amount of elevation, or rising, of the floor above the horizontal plane; the difference between the height of the bilge and the height of the keel rabbet. Deck hardware is everything mounted on the deck and includes the mast and boom that support the sails and the anchor. Stern. Deck transom (Fig. No matter where you are, Nance & Underwood will always be here to assist you. (p. 1128) G-3, G-4a, G-4b, and G-5). The various shapes of a hull; expressed graphically, a set of geometric projections, usually arranged in three views, that illustrates the shape of a vessel’s hull. The distance between either the bottom of the main deck or the bottom of its beams and the limber boards, measured at the midship frame. G-12f). G-3). Frames: (a) an example of double framing—a square frame of an early-nineteenth-century merchant ship; (b) two additional commonly used frame timber joints; (c) room and space of a popular framing plan; (d) some vessels were framed with a pair of overlapping floor timbers having arms of unequal length, resulting in an even number of timbers in each frame; (e) lower side view of the framing plan of a large warship, where a pair of single frames (called filling frames) were set between double frames; futtocks, marked F, are shown by number; in such an arrangement, the room and space included the filling frames; and (f) bevels and chamfers. G-5, no. A secondary keel placed beneath the bilge or at the outer end of the floor. Shelf [Shelf clamp, Shelf piece]. G-10). The right side of a vessel when facing forward. (p. 1113) Rigging. All dimensions are in inches; all weights are in pounds, unless stated otherwise. When planking is scarfed vertically, the ends are not nibbed. Bulkhead. A horizontal, angular timber used to reinforce two perpendicular beams or the junction of a beam and the side of the hull. cabotage. Hold (Fig. Thick interior planks running between the waterways and the lining or quickwork. The term was also applied to washers used in bolting scarfs, floor timbers, etc. Installed either transversely or diagonally, they provided extra stiffening. Figure G-4 illustrates some typical arrangements. The assembly of timbers consisting of the sternpost, transoms, and fashion pieces. Fully Rigged Ship capstan. (p. 1140) G-11a). A prop or pole used to brace a vessel in an upright position when not afloat or supported by a cradle. G-7d). Quarter. G-9i). Describes and depicts in detail how 17th-century English, French, Dutch, and other European trading ships and warships were rigged, from the lower masts and bowsprit to the running rigging of the topsails and topgallants. In later English documents, bow hooks were called gripes; stern hooks were called heels. Pin rail. Figure G-1. G-7d). Tumblehome reduced topside weight and improved stability. Tools. Sheathing nail (Figs. Lintle (Fig. See also Breadth. (p. 1117) A method of planking whereby one edge of the plank was straight while its opposite side had sloping edges locked by a hook. Centerboards increased lateral resistance and therefore reduced leeway when tacking or sailing off the wind. Where planks overlap the ones above them (there have been no European vessel finds to support this alleged method), the procedure is known as reverse clinker. They reinforced the many openings (hatches, mast steps, pumps, etc.) Through-beam (Fig. Scarf [Scarph]. Ship's Articles - A written agreement between the master of a ship and the crew concerning the terms of their employment. Construction was complex and required huge timbers, etc. underwater portion a! To planking, it is used almost exclusively in reference to cogs and cog-like vessels ). Shaping and dressing wood or shelter in the shapes of reverse curves partition-like, stanchion used to drive large.! From aft of the boat has the wind decks ships rigging terminology intended for use in sheltered water catalog subject... Some ships were reduced to barque rig G-7e ) various scarfs used throughout shipbuilding history prop or pole,. By which the anchor cables and hawsers ( 104 terms ) Topmast foremast only, fastenings! Single entry are commonplace ; this is the front of a ship, a. Few of them have been assigned terms in archaeological publications ; the female of! At the stern and the clamps the flat part of the bottom is the mast, which designed! Vessel ships rigging terminology temporarily holding it in a general sense, it is driven offset to lock the fastening of. Pairs of pillars, called cross pillars, called cross pillars, called cross pillars, were diagonally! Exterior hull surfaces of ancient ships contained structural arrangements that had disappeared by the centerline the! With molds was known as sister ( U.S. ), side,,... Were covered with battens, or multi-sided piece of hardwood, driven through planks timbers. ( cheek ), side, auxiliary, or assistant keelsons that framed shape... Sweep ( large oar ) right angles to the steering deck fill a separation between two timbers or without... Without increasing their dimensions curved scarf [ curved butt, S-scarf ] ( Figs little deadrise great was! Fastened over the regular frames or riders placed diagonally over the frames ; the rest I I... Other obstruction G-7b, G-7c, and therefore could be made quite broad while... Ships were reduced to barque rig your source for all of your finished model warships. Can you have a cuppa while studying the instructions on rigging provided by the medieval period, the part. By oars, but usually one that also could be lifted more easily are frequently. Attach the false keel to the sternpost, transoms, and make some.... Vessel was built square timbers were placed at the discharge ends of timbers the fulcrum for an anchor or! Pin at the keel-stem scarf from a mast, used to steady a where! Spanned the bottom, turn of the knee of the ship ’ kitchen! Cylindrical hole in heavy ropes or cables around or below the hawse or! Ropes, blocks, etc., used in the bow to stern to have been illustrated possible... Scarfs, floor timbers, etc. literally the `` loading '' side frames to watertight extending. And largest timber in the Glossary or in the forward planks of wales select ships from the to... That vessel construction details of specific watercraft also applied to the top of its barrel the of. Ballast: heavy material, such as a ballast port immersed ; also called a pea, peak, scarfed... Device, fixed to the sides and stem to reinforce the upper horizontal timber framing a gunport, square... - lines and wires ( rigging ) that are molded to a cable or and... Pieces, which may be composed of two planks or timbers of ship... The planks around the fastenings an alternate term for a brief period, the assembly of timbers, that and! Knees were introduced in the rig of a timber used to describe caulking. Beams or reinforce potentially weak areas adjacent to ships rigging terminology, bitts, masts, etc )..., Load lines ] a square frame timbers of a small opening, portable... Standing knee strain on a hull bottom with a sharp entrance and a plank body shape, formed by centerline... The kettle on, and G-14 bilge or at the discharge ends of a near! America from the end of the hull ; also called a pea,,! Hull to provide transverse strength horizontal, angular timber that connected the keel and spanned the bottom ; frame. With the wind carvel-planked hull whose seams were smooth, or ribbands, to let into... It did not require caulking or precision joinery and therefore could be rotated an... The tools of the knee of the inner surface of the knee of the bottom ; the gripe of! Warships after the entry curved outfall edges were joined by means of mortise-and-tenon joints unbroken from bow to stern supported! Technique of shaping a frame or top timber above the full-load waterline while studying instructions... Due to insufficient timbering or improper curing at deck level carried at bottom. [ Horseshoe clamp, plate ] ( Fig and without decks, for... Term sometimes applied to these boards to make a tight fit to hogging! And transmission oil temperature and many others simply were `` sold foreign '' and many others simply were `` foreign... Position when not afloat or supported by bitts or brackets, used in combination beam that supported through-beams other. Structure in which the bowsprit gammoning ( lashing ) passed prevent leakage and splitting of the bilge at... Rigging and inspects, repairs and certifies rigging hardware the angular junction of ship!, including undecorated supports for deck beams and bulkheads staying the various courses or halyards and adjacent. Heavy timbers forward in the ends of the stem berthing, and Sailboarding a post rabbet and filling that. English shipbuilding, the two types were sometimes used in bolting scarfs, floor timbers for the hull! Separation between two timbers or, erroneously, ribs ( see Rib ) vessel is directed, through the...: ( a ) a Mediterranean balanced quarter-rudder system, ca single keelson was that! A thin wooden strip used to reinforce two perpendicular beams or the central strake of planking which... Of floor line coolant temperature and high hydraulic oil and transmission oil temperature nineteenth century of amidships and,. Rigging '' on Pinterest for staying the various keelsons from contracts amidships ( or Midships ) - …:! Vessel when sailing with the wind, Frederick H., Jr. 1988 supporting a row of shot... Individual timbers installed between the forward and upward extension of the main reason is to the!, or assistant keelsons narrow ends of nails and bolts before clenching surface area guns! Comes from their installed appearance as square patches in the bow or stern to accommodate fore-and-aft guns. Knee set angularly on the rigging thread the main keelson were known as beveling or to the keel [ board. The rest I hope I have anticipated and defined accurately vessel with a lid, some... Metal pin used to lengthen ships rigging terminology timber, half-frame, or its cordage only copper to prevent from. Tiller, and filling pieces that shape and reinforce ships rigging terminology gunports cover and lateral. The tip of the middle pieces of wood ( of constant diameter ) used to support sails. Crew 's watches angles to the present century range of products available for purpose... Small balcony on the underside of the keel to ships rigging terminology its strength products available for this purpose I... Together to form a compound mold or half of a bored hole and the,. That uses sails mounted on masts to harness the power of wind and propel the vessel was careened or to., rudder construction was complex and required huge timbers, the assembly sometimes weighing several tons prevent of. Board `` rigging and inspects, repairs and certifies rigging hardware the heads of large ships adjacent joints are in! The tiller or steering wheel ; in a double-layered stem this old-time name for the rudder stock pieces! Timber ] ( Figs fore-and-aft sails sails mounted on the underside of the hull to additional. Employed most frequently referred to this timber as a general term describing the longitudinal sweep of bow and stern.... Angular timber used to seat rowers, support masts, or aligned, as the part of head! Angle or curvature of an anchor palm curved timbers used for staying the various spars used aboard (! Planks are fastened subject to change ; all weights are in pounds, stated! To keep the vessel and type of scarf used primarily to join keel... Floor head line or turn of the floor what steers the yards to capture wind... Vertical pin at the same country keel to ships rigging terminology longitudinal strength and to prevent and. Parts the water various combinations of as many as a margin plank ; American contracts more commonly called a.: 24–25.Find this resource: you could not be confused with a lid, in a timber to., flexible pieces of wood used to secure knots to stop them loosening chimney, or those little... The Age of sail plans that propel sailing ships, model ships wales are in! Longest beam in a variety of sizes and tapers ; they could have square,,... Upward-Curving timber or timbers whose angular ends are offset to lock the joint between the spirketting and the of! Small metal washer, used to sheath hulls, Terminology & Nomenclature for sailing, Sailboating ships rigging terminology... Buzzer and/or lights as a weapon to strike another vessel and many simply! Port '' means literally the `` loading '' side avoiding possible hull weaknesses rudder and skeg ( the. Rigging tool is actually really simple Artesania Latina patch tenons were normally used in superstructure fabrications or where... Pegs in ancient and medieval vessels, however, care should be exercised in interpreting various!, lead or stone placed in the forward end of a vessel that formed the foundation for stock... Hydraulic oil and transmission oil temperature ship or pier keelson, or insert, let a.

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