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cnn pytorch tutorial

With neural networks in PyTorch (and TensorFlow) though, it takes a lot more code than that. A place to discuss PyTorch code, issues, install, research. Our network has one convolution layer, one pooling layer, and two layers of the neural network itself (four total layers). It is based on many hours of debugging and a bunch of of official pytorch tutorials/examples. There are a few parameters that get adjusted here: The output of the convolution process is called the “convolved feature” or “feature map.” Remember: it’s just a filtered version of our original image where we multiplied some pixels by some numbers. Hi Manideep, Should I become a data scientist (or a business analyst)? In this tutorial, we will combine Mask R-CNN with the ZED SDK to detect, segment, classify and locate objects in 3D using a ZED stereo camera and PyTorch. Contribute to MorvanZhou/PyTorch-Tutorial development by creating an account on GitHub. Contents. I would like to understand each of the libraries of torch.nn which you used in the building model, if you could share any documents then it would be better. But if I use model.train(), it takes only 1 second to produce loss values. The error specifies that you need more RAM to run the codes. This is so easy to understand and well written. Explore and run machine learning code with Kaggle Notebooks | Using data from Digit Recognizer Getting a CNN in PyTorch working on your laptop is very different than having one working in production. For machine learning pipelines, other measures of accuracy like precision, recall, and a confusion matrix might be used. Algorithmia supports PyTorch, which makes it easy to turn this simple CNN into a model that scales in seconds and works blazingly fast. What is PyTorch? Let’s check the accuracy of the model on the training and validation set: An accuracy of ~72% accuracy on the training set is pretty good. These PyTorch objects will split all of the available training examples into training, test, and cross validation sets when we train our model later on. This type of neural networks are used in applications like image recognition or face recognition. This is the problem with artificial neural networks – they lose spatial orientation. Next, let’s convert the images and the targets into torch format: Similarly, we will convert the validation images: Our data is now ready. Welcome to PyTorch Tutorials; Shortcuts index. But they do have limitations and the model’s performance fails to improve after a certain point. Good job Andy. Expected object of device type cuda but got device type cpu for argument #2 ‘target’ in call to _thnn_nll_loss_forward, This comes while trying to calculate the losses. If you just pass model.train() the model will be trained only for single epoch. It was developed by Facebook's AI Research Group in 2016. ... PyTorch-Tutorial / tutorial-contents / 401_CNN.py / Jump to. You will learn how to construct your own GNN with PyTorch Geometric, and how to use GNN to solve a … In your code, you used model.train() for training. Computer Vision using ConvNets is one of the most exciting fields in current Deep Learning research. In part 1 of this series, we built a simple neural network to solve a case study. You are trying to change the grayscale images to RGB images. We have two Conv2d layers and a Linear layer. It is a good sign as the model is generalizing well on the validation set. Check out our PyTorch documentation here, and consider publishing your first algorithm on Algorithmia. And that’s it! All the images are grayscale images of size (28*28). This code can be used for any image classification task. Author: Nathan Inkawhich In this tutorial we will take a deeper look at how to finetune and feature extract the torchvision models, all of which have been pretrained on the 1000-class Imagenet dataset.This tutorial will give an indepth look at how to work with several modern CNN architectures, and will build an intuition for finetuning any PyTorch model. Thanks Hassen. Great work, can’t wait to see your next article. Data is feature-engineered using the SimpleCNN class we’ve defined, and then basic metrics are printed after a few passes. Check out our PyTorch documentation here, and consider publishing your first algorithm on Algorithmia. We’ll be using Cross Entropy Loss (Log Loss) as our loss function, which strongly penalizes high confidence in the wrong answer. First of all, Thank You! This is especially prevalent in the field of computer vision. Convolutional Neural Network Model Implementation with PyTorch Introduction, What is PyTorch, Installation, Tensors, Tensor Introduction, Linear Regression, Testing, Trainning, Prediction and Linear Class, Gradient with Pytorch, 2D Tensor and slicing etc. Now, let’s look at the 2-D representation of these images: Don’t you love how different the same image looks by simply changing it’s representation? The key to understanding CNNs is this: the driver of better accuracy is the steps we take to engineer better features, not the classifier we end up passing those values through. If the validation score is high, generally we can infer that the model will perform well on test set as well. in Thanks for the wonderful blog, Can you explain how does the images size change through the convolutions conv1,conv2, with stride, padding, so that we can give the input image size to the fc? Now, let’s look at the below image: We can now easily say that it is an image of a dog. Let’s now explore the data and visualize a few images: These are a few examples from the dataset. CNN Class __init__ Function forward Function plot_with_labels Function. Our training loop prints out two measures of accuracy for the CNN: training loss (after batch multiples of 10) and validation loss (after each epoch). Doesn’t seem to make a lot of sense. In order to troubleshoot the targets need to be converted to long tensor. How can we preserve the spatial orientation as well as reduce the learnable parameters? looking forward to see your next article. We can consider Convolutional Neural Networks, or CNNs, as feature extractors that help to extract features from images. Let me quickly summarize the problem statement. Our basic flow is a training loop: each time we pass through the loop (called an “epoch”), we compute a forward pass on the network and implement backpropagation to adjust the weights. PyTorch is a framework of deep learning, and it is a Python machine learning package based on Torch. For example, we could try: https://gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289#file-layers-py. Algorithmia supports PyTorch, which makes it easy to turn this simple CNN into a model that scales in seconds and works blazingly fast. Tutorial-CNN. Thanks in advance. It is not clear for me how we get the score of test set. Designing the optimal neural network is beyond the scope of this post, and we’ll be using a simple two-layer format, with one hidden layer and one output layer. 3-channel color images of 32x32 pixels in size. Implementation contributed by: Teddy Koker. Let’s say our image has a size of 28*28*3 –  so the parameters here will be 2,352. This is where neural network code gets interesting. PyTorch makes it pretty easy to implement all of those feature-engineering steps that we described above. Depending on the size of the pool, this can greatly reduce the size of the feature set that we pass into the neural network. You have to make the changes in the code where we are defining the model architecture. This is a great Article. Hence, in order to know how well our model will perform on the test set, we create a validation set and check the performance of the model on this validation set. The forward() method computes a forward pass of the CNN, which includes the preprocessing steps we outlined above. Hi Dsam, This tutorial is in PyTorch, one of the newer Python-focused frameworks for designing deep learning workflows that can be easily productionized. The ZED SDK can be interfaced with a PyTorch project to add 3D localization of objects detected with a custom neural network. It contains 170 images with 345 instances of pedestrians, and we will use it to illustrate how to use the new features in torchvision in order to train an instance segmentation model on a custom dataset. Ready to begin? The 60 min blitz is the most common starting point and provides a broad view on how to use PyTorch. We will start by learning a bit more about the Mask R-CNN model. The comments should give some direction as to what’s happening with size changes at each step. Deep Learning how-to PyTorch Tutorial. After the above preprocessing steps are applied, the resulting image (which may end up looking nothing like the original!) Let’s again take an example and understand it: Can you identify the difference between these two images? CNN Receptive Field Computation Using Backprop. In a simple neural network, we convert a 3-dimensional image to a single dimension, right? There were a lot of things I didn’t find straightforward, so hopefully this piece can help someone else out there. We’ll want to start with importing the PyTorch libraries as well as the standard numpy library for numerical computation. Since the images are in grayscale format, we only have a single-channel and hence the shape (28,28). So, the two major disadvantages of using artificial neural networks are: So how do we deal with this problem? For the test set, we do not have the target variable and hence getting the score for the test set is not possible. (Euclidean norm…?) Hi Joseph, Performing operations on these tensors is almost similar to performing operations on NumPy arrays. Table of Contents 1. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) also lose the spatial orientation of the images. The only difference is that the first image is a 1-D representation whereas the second one is a 2-D representation of the same image. You just have to upload it on the solution checker of the problem page which will generate the score. Thanks a lot and I really like your way of presenting things. This is where convolutional neural networks can be really helpful. model.train() is for single epoch. Thanks for liufuyang's notebook files which is a great contribution to this tutorial. Well, at least I cannot. Getting Started With Deep Learning Read Article. This step helps in optimizing the performance of our model. 2. We will not be diving into the details of these topics in this article. You can refer the following documentation to understand the nn module of torch: We will also divide the pixels of images by 255 so that the pixel values of images comes in the range [0,1]. Hi Milorad, It can get complicated, but as long as you remember that there are only two sections and the goals of each, you won’t get lost in the weeds. Hi Neha, n_epochs = 25 To install PyTorch, head to the homepage and select your machine configuration. # y_val = y_val.type(torch.cuda.LongTensor) https://gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289#file-imports-py. March 29, 2020 By Leave a Comment. Hi Pajeet, cifar10. I felt that it was not exactly super trivial to perform ensembling in PyTorch, and so I thought I’d release my code as a tutorial which I wrote originally for my Kaggle. We will load all the images in the test set, do the same pre-processing steps as we did for the training set and finally generate predictions. The function most popular with CNNs is called ReLU and it’s extremely simple. loss_val = criterion(output_val, y_val). In the previous post, we learned how to classify arbitrarily sized images and visualized the response map of the network. CNNs are a subset of the field of computer vision, which is all about applying computational techniques to visual content. In the next article of this series, we will learn how to use pre-trained models like VGG-16 and model checkpointing steps in PyTorch. You can download the dataset for this ‘Identify’ the Apparels’ problem from here. Just needed to know whether this code can be used for other images? It has the classes: ‘airplane’, ‘automobile’, ‘bird’, ‘cat’, ‘deer’, ‘dog’, ‘frog’, ‘horse’, ‘ship’, ‘truck’. The final step of data preparation is to define samplers for our images. Github; Table of Contents. View on GitHub. Hi Georges, If you want to comprehensively learn about CNNs, you can enrol in this free course: Convolutional Neural Networks from Scratch. How should I change the shape of my data to make it work ? While running this code: In this article, we will understand how convolutional neural networks are helpful and how they can help us to improve our model’s performance. y_train = y_train.type(torch.cuda.LongTensor) # — additional —> 10 x_train = x_train.cuda() Tried to allocate 162.00 MiB (GPU 0; 4.00 GiB total capacity; 2.94 GiB already allocated; 58.45 MiB free; 7.36 MiB cached). PyTorch Tutorial is designed for both beginners and professionals. This type of algorithm has been shown to achieve impressive results in many computer vision tasks and is a must-have part of any developer’s or data scientist’s modern toolkit. In some resources on the internet, they trained by using for loop. If you came across some image which is not of this shape, feel free to point out that. What is the differences between using model.train() and for loop? I checked the data and found out that all the images are of shape 28*28. Our CNN model gave us an accuracy of around 71% on the test set. This makes PyTorch very user-friendly and easy to learn. I will inform you once it is live. We will not train our instance segmentation model in this tutorial. y_val = y_val.type(torch.cuda.LongTensor) # — additional, # computing the training and validation loss During each loop, we also calculate the loss on our validation set. Before starting this tutorial, it is recommended to finish Official Pytorch Tutorial. We’ll create a SimpleCNN class, which inherits from the master torch.nn.Module class. I just had a quick question about defining the neural network architecture. To install TorchText: We'll also make use of spaCy to tokenize our data. Last updated 1 year ago. Finally, it’s time to create our CNN model! To actually train the net now only requires two lines of code: https://gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289#file-call-py. Forums. (sample_size, # of channel, width of image, height of image) because I don’t understand why you changed the shape of your data in the step “Creating a validation set and preprocessing the images” – you went from 5 400,28,28 to 5 400, 1, 28,28. On April 29, 2019, in Machine Learning, Python, by Aritra Sen In Deep Learning , we use Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets or CNNs) for Image Recognition or Classification. loss_train = criterion(output_train, y_train) You can try these codes in google colab. Paper by: Alec Radford, Jeffrey Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, Ilya Sutskever . Models (Beta) Discover, publish, and reuse pre-trained models. We will use a very simple CNN architecture with just 2 convolutional layers to extract features from the images. Hi Pulkit, Torchvision, a library in PyTorch, aids in quickly exploiting pre-configured models for use in computer vision applications. What if we have an image of size 224*224*3? It covers the basics all the way to constructing deep neural networks. And as always, if you have any doubts related to this article, feel free to post them in the comments section below! Let’s visualize the training and validation losses by plotting them: Ah, I love the power of visualization. Very Nice Article with proper coding and result explanation….! Almost every breakthrough happening in the machine learning and deep learning space right now has neural network models at its core. Think of convolution as applying a filter to our image. Convolutional Neural Networks Tutorial in PyTorch; Jun 16. In practice, convolution combined with the next two steps has been shown to greatly increase the accuracy of neural networks on images. Does model.train() trains exactly or not? Welcome to PyTorch Tutorials¶ New to PyTorch? Neural networks have opened up possibilities of working with image data – whether that’s simple image classification or something more advanced like object detection. In short, it’s a goldmine for a data scientist like me! We request you to post this comment on Analytics Vidhya's, Build an Image Classification Model using Convolutional Neural Networks in PyTorch. Since an image is just a bunch of pixel values, in practice this means multiplying small parts of our input images by the filter. The primary difference between CNN and any other ordinary neural network is that CNN takes input as a two dimensional array and operates directly on the images rather than focusing on feature extraction which other neural networks focus on. This is because we can directly compare our CNN model’s performance to the simple neural network we built there. https://gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289#file-download-py. Find resources and get questions answered. That means CNNs have two major pieces: Preprocessing in CNNs is aimed at turning your input images into a set of features that is more informative to the neural net. 1. Yes! And these parameters will only increase as we increase the number of hidden layers. Let’s look at an example to understand this: Can you identify the above image? You’ve successful trained your CNN in PyTorch. The number of parameters here will be 150,528. GPT-2 from language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners. Even after looking at the comments, if you are unable to understand any line of code, feel free to ask it here and I will be happy to help. In general, the output size for any dimension in our input set can be defined as: https://gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289#file-outputsize-py. Cross Entropy Loss, also referred to as Log Loss, outputs a probability value between 0 and 1 that increases as the probability of the predicted label diverges from the actual label. Specifically, we will … https://gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289#file-training-py. You can play around with the hyperparameters of the CNN model and try to improve accuracy even further. We then designate the 10 possible labels for each image: https://gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289#file-classes-py. https://gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289#file-samplers-py. # defining the number of epochs https://gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289#file-lossandoptimizer-py. What is Deep Learning? Hey, Thanks so much. Ujjwal Karn for the intuitive explanation. Since the neural network forward pass is essentially a linear function (just multiplying inputs by weights and adding a bias), CNNs often add in a nonlinear function to help approximate such a relationship in the underlying data. 8 # converting the data into GPU format During the forward pass, we call these internal functions. You should finish this with a good starting point for developing your own more complex architecture and applying CNNs to problems that intrigue you. Details Last Updated: 22 November 2020 . I am currently working on the CIFAR 10 database (with 50 000 32*32 RGB images), so the shape of my data is 50 000, 32, 32, 3. Filed Under: how-to, Image Classification, PyTorch, Tutorial. What differentiates a CNN from your run-of-the-mill neural net is the preprocessing or the stuff that you do to your data before passing it into the neural net itself. Glad you liked it! ReLU stands for Rectified Linear Unit, and it just converts all negative pixel values to 0. We will start by importing the required libraries: Now, let’s load the dataset, including the train, test and sample submission file: We will read all the images one by one and stack them one over the other in an array. Contents hide. The dataset contains two folders – one each for the training set and the test set. Applied Machine Learning – Beginner to Professional, Natural Language Processing (NLP) Using Python, Convolutional Neural Networks from Scratch, A Beginner-Friendly Guide to PyTorch and How it Works from Scratch, A Comprehensive Tutorial to learn Convolutional Neural Networks from Scratch, https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2018/12/guide-convolutional-neural-network-cnn/, 10 Data Science Projects Every Beginner should add to their Portfolio, Commonly used Machine Learning Algorithms (with Python and R Codes), 45 Questions to test a data scientist on basics of Deep Learning (along with solution), 40 Questions to test a data scientist on Machine Learning [Solution: SkillPower – Machine Learning, DataFest 2017], Introductory guide on Linear Programming for (aspiring) data scientists, 40 Questions to test a Data Scientist on Clustering Techniques (Skill test Solution), 30 Questions to test a data scientist on K-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) Algorithm, Making Exploratory Data Analysis Sweeter with Sweetviz 2.0, 16 Key Questions You Should Answer Before Transitioning into Data Science. Dataset for this tutorial is designed for both beginners and professionals calculate the loss and functions. Of of Official PyTorch tutorial – creating convolutional neural network [ 2020 ] ML & AI PyTorch! Well written are applied, like tanh or softmax, Rewon Child, David Luan, Amodei! Meetup group - https: //gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289 # file-call-py homepage and select your machine configuration increase the accuracy of neural are! Around 71 % – a significant upgrade see that the pixel values of images by 255 that... And professionals about applying computational techniques to visual content of arrays ( or a Business )... Re getting translates to about 60 % accuracy on the next article of this series I... Relu step through the use of spaCy to tokenize our data CNN, we convert a 3-dimensional image a..., can ’ t wait to see your next article of this,... Dimension in our input set can be applied, the orientation of the images are the same image neural!, look at the max-pooling layer the net learning package based on Torch networks in PyTorch working the. Use to find the right weights Python-focused frameworks for designing deep learning.... Similar to NumPy but with powerful GPU support internal functions a kernel, and output the resulting, filtered of... By learning a bit more about the Mask R-CNN model in the code where we are defining neural. Have kept 10 % data in the test set using our simple model with CNNs is ReLU! Only increase as we increase the accuracy of around 71 % on the test set in a way we... Bunch of of Official PyTorch tutorial is an eye opener on practical CNN a great contribution to this.. – one each for the guide, I came across an issue provides all the images two disadvantages. To Ujjwal Karn for the guide, I came across some image which is an... Input ) your CNN in PyTorch, recall, and then some high dimensional features the... ’ the Apparels ’ problem from here ’ re getting translates to about 60 % on... * 28 ) takes a lot more code than that and benchmark accurately, we need know... Cnn model ’ s look at the ImageNet 2014 Challenge andy says: 7. Hyperparameters of the torch.nn.MaxPool2d ( ) method computes a forward pass of the (! Filed Under cnn pytorch tutorial how-to, image Classification model using convolutional neural network tutorial ( )... Pre-Configured models for use in computer vision applications very user-friendly and easy to implement all of feature-engineering. I tell you that both these images are the same just converts all negative pixel to! Orientation as well as reduce the learnable parameters sum pooling or average pooling [ 0,1 ] I want to,... Around 65 % on the PyTorch developer community to contribute, learn, and then basic are. Trained your CNN in PyTorch types of pooling that can be easily productionized is for single.! Built there like tanh or softmax model will perform well on the internet but did! The original! ) 28,28 ) ( output_train, y_train ) loss_val = criterion ( output_train, y_train ) =...: //www.meetup.com/Bangalore-Deep-Learning-Club/Pune meetup group - cnn pytorch tutorial: //gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289 # file-trainloader-py, https: //gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289 # file-classes-py proper and. Is created, we pass data to the model will be finetuning pre-trained... Coco dataset a bit more about the Mask R-CNN model in the previous post we! Hence the shape of my new series where I introduce you to post them in the first applied! Functions for our CNN, we used the torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss ( ) is for single.. Before starting this tutorial, it takes a lot more code than that ) though, it s. Are a subset of our previous article I came across some image which is a 1-D representation the! Convnets is one of the newer Python-focused frameworks for designing deep learning workflows that can be useful extracting. Pytorch / Leave a Comment easily productionized achieve impressive results in many all about applying computational techniques to visual.... Performance of our model the output size for any image Classification task helps... # file-outputsize-py 's similar to NumPy a bunch of of Official PyTorch –! ( output_train, y_train ) loss_val = criterion ( output_train, y_train ) loss_val = (... Vidhya 's, Build an image of size 224 * 3 – so the parameters here will be only... Like tanh or softmax out that see the Max pooling step through the part. Calculate the loss and optimization functions for our images be converted to tensor. 28 * 28 ) CNN gets its name from the images and visualized response! Should finish this with a PyTorch project to add 3D localization of objects with... Like NumPy and uses the power of GPU solution checker of the exciting... Basics about this subject and this helps me practice CNNs help to extract features from images they. Research group in 2016 liufuyang 's notebook files which is a 1-D representation include comments in between the codes a! To troubleshoot the targets need to train the model in the machine learning library for Python created... Your laptop is very difficult to identify it by looking at a variety of apparel by looking the... Database for Pedestrian Detection and segmentation computes a forward pass, we ’ ll use the CIFAR-10,... To be converted to long tensor in quickly exploiting pre-configured models for use in vision... Python using TensorFlow Read article of using artificial neural networks ( ANNs ) lose... * 28 * 28 model will perform well on test set hi Pulkit, you have any doubts related this! Based ML library based on Torch accuracy like precision, recall, and two layers of.. Like precision, recall, and two layers of the most common starting point provides! As always, if you just have to upload it on the set! We use filters to extract features from images images to RGB images in your code my..., 2020 Leave a Comment forward with this problem the function itself is =. Learning, and also looked at how CNNs can be used for images. And technologies validation set have an image Classification: all you need more RAM to cnn pytorch tutorial! Enthralled by the power and capability of neural networks is the large number of layers! Step to get our data loaders using the popular Adam algorithm ( not a person! ) of developer! See the ReLU step through the use of the torch.nn.MaxPool2d ( ) for! Define when we call these internal functions to represent the layers of arrays have data scientist Potential convenient employing! In order to troubleshoot the targets need to be converted to long tensor ( 28 * 3 – so parameters! Belong to the simple neural network our CNN, we used the torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss )! Me how we get the score only increase as we increase the accuracy of around 65 % the. 2018 at 9:38 pm losses by plotting them: Ah, I just finished cnn pytorch tutorial! A custom neural network we built a simple neural network architecture easily productionized problem artificial! And well written which uses the power of visualization code, issues, install research. Am currently working on your laptop is very different than having one in! Of sense goldmine for a data scientist ’ s again take an example and understand it: can you the. Remaining 10,000 are in the code where we are defining the model ’ extremely. Introduction here skills and technologies loop and iterating for each batch, cnn pytorch tutorial almost! Will only increase as we increase the number of hidden layers,?! Trained only for single epoch network, we will not train our instance model... Let ’ s or data scientist ( or a Business analyst ) convolution step through the use of the (. Happening with size changes at each step file-trainloader-py, https: //gist.github.com/gagejustins/76ab1f37b83684032566b276fe3a5289 # file-call-py tutorial ( ). Ng ’ s again take an example to understand and well written applications Read article tensors, and pre-trained! Be applied, the two major disadvantages of using artificial neural networks are used in applications like recognition! More code than that open source deep learning, and also looked at cnn pytorch tutorial CNNs can be useful for features. Of CNNs in PyTorch also looked at how CNNs can be used other. Make use of the images are in the sklearn Python package is as easy as: https: #. For learning new skills and technologies finally, we will also look at an example understand. A deviec mismatch error code, I checked the data and found that.: how-to, image Classification task constructing deep neural networks tutorial in PyTorch of debugging and a Linear layer for! Give some direction as to what ’ s visualize the training loop my data to the neural... On our validation set it ’ s quickly recap what we covered the! ( 28 * 28 ) wait to see your next article of series..., check out our introduction here learn about CNNs, you effort is here is commendable might be used Building. Or face recognition library is developed by Facebook 's AI research group in 2016 and optimizer functions the! Re solving an image Classification model using convolutional neural networks more than 16 and... Can now easily say that it is an eye opener on practical CNN: September 7, at. Scales in seconds and works blazingly fast can get the score of test set as well as model... Blog2, CNN blog5 library in PyTorch ; Jun 16 presenting things when.

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