maternal mortality rate in nigeria by states

1997;59:S191–200. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Some residents became internally displaced or refugees in neighboring countries. WHO maternal mortality: WHO. 2016;387:462–74. Hence, new and current strategies need to be sensitive to the environmental of the women in the North. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2013. Educational level was defined as “no education”, “primary”, and “secondary/higher”. The method of contraception used in the South was associated with maternal mortality. They were an average age of 33.6 years. This study aimed to assess differences in the levels and determinants of maternal mortality in women of childbearing age (15–49 years) in the North and South of Nigeria. Predictors of maternal mortality in institutional deliveries in Nigeria. Cited 28 June 2017. Type of residence was dichotomized as urban or rural. 2008;7:11. The progress in reducing maternal ratio has been to slow. Overall, policy makers should seek to increase maternal age and alleviate poverty by improving the economic conditions of women in the country. El Ayadi AM, Hill K, Langer A, Subramanian SV, McCormick M. Comparability of sociodemographic and pregnancy characteristics of pregnancy-related deaths identified via the sisterhood method versus the household/verbal autopsy method. From the foregoing, it is obvious that Nigeria has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, second only to India whose population is eight times larger than that of Nigeria. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata SE13 [35]. PubMed  It is also among the top six countries in the world that contribute to more than 50% of all global maternal deaths [8]. 2014;384:980–1004. ... report summarizes the current state of maternal health in Nigeria. Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. The NDHS measured wealth index with an asset score which was categorized in this study as poor, middle and rich. Maternal mortality in India is the maternal death of a woman in India during pregnancy or after pregnancy, including post-abortion or post-birth periods. CM, AT and AT conceived and developed the study and analytical plan. More so, maternal mortality levels obtained from DHS data underestimate the magnitude of the problem. In 2008, Nigeria bore 14% of the global burden of maternal mortality. 2015;15:1–10. Women’s empowerment status and exposure to maternal mortality risks in Nigeria. Akinlo A, Idemudia ES, Ogunjuyigbe PO, Solanke BL. Google Scholar. The principal inhabitants of the state are the Hausa/Fulani people. By the close of the MDG period, countries such as Chad (980/100,1000), Central African Republic (880/100,000), and Burundi (740/100,000) had recorded the highest MMRs [7]. 2015;10:e0144876. Lancet. This gap in contraceptive use between the North and South is attributed to socioeconomic and ideational (ideal number of children, awareness of contraceptive method, and self-efficacy) factors [22]. Survey adjusted simple and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of the independent variables and maternal mortality in the North and South of Nigeria using pooled data for the North (2008 and 2013) and South (2008 and 2013). Low access to information may be contributing to the low level of health service utilization and a high proportion of women who do not use any antenatal care services in the North [48] which influence maternal mortality. Oluwole E, Kuyinu Y, Goodman O, Odugbemi B, Akinyinka M. Factors influencing the uptake of modern family planning methods among women of reproductive age in a rural Community in Lagos State. Merdad L, Hill K, Graham W. Improving the measurement of maternal mortality: the sisterhood method revisited. It does not allow for the estimation of annual rates that could show variations in maternal mortality levels across time. Users of folk/traditional methods of contraception had 75% high odds of maternal death compared to nonusers. 2011;11:606. Demogr Res. Afr Health Sci. The 6 geo-political zones in Nigeria were the response options for the variable region. Each determinant of maternal mortality in the modified framework is classed either as intermediate or distant based on its proximity to the outcome. Differences in the levels and determinants of maternal mortality between the North and South of Nigeria stress the need for efforts to cut maternal deaths through new strategies that are relevant for each region. BioMed Central. 2004;363(9402):23–7. Nigeria still has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the World. We would like to thank the Measure DHS Program for making the data used for this study publicly available. Media exposure and education were associated with maternal mortality in the North while contraceptive method, residence type and wealth index were associated with maternal death in the South. 2011;3:167–74. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. The study participants could either be respondents (living women) or deceased women (respondents’ siblings) who were cases of maternal mortality that were identified through the direct sisterhood method. This status was assigned to a deceased woman if a respondent indicated “yes” to whether her female sibling died while pregnant, during child birth, or within 2 months of delivery. He disclosed this in Abuja during a meeting with the Association of General and Private Medical Practitioners of Nigeria and Guild of Medical Directors. A review study of place of delivery in sub-Saharan Africa revealed that women who gave birth at health facilities had a higher risk of maternal death than women who gave birth at home [55]. Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013. Kassebaum NJ, Bertozzi-Villa A, Coggeshall MS, Shackelford KA, Steiner C, Heuton KR, et al. Overall, the low level of care received by pregnant women in the country is one of the major contributors to the high infant and maternal mortality ratio. Using DHS data to examine maternal mortality has its limitations. 2013. The meeting was organised to discuss the implementation of the […] Over time, the North saw an increase in the levels of maternal mortality while the South had a minor decrease in its levels. Maternal Mortality Ratio in the North, South, and Nigeria Overall - 2008 & 2013. Fifteen years earlier, the figure was slightly lower at 800 deaths per 100,000. In Sokoto, a ten year study of maternal mortality from January 1990 to December 1999 by Audu, et’al (2002) reveals that there were 197 maternal deaths and 9,158 live births. Lancet. Confl Heal. Rai RK, Singh PK, Singh L. Utilization of maternal health care services among married adolescent women: insights from the Nigeria demographic and health survey, 2008. This is so even with Nigeria being a signatory member for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. More than half of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa and almost one third occur in South Asia. Stata Corp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 13. The 3 northern zones (North West, North Central and North East) were classified as North and the rest (South East, South West, and South South) were grouped as South. Article  Lanre-Abass BA. This makes the country the second largest contributor to the under–five and maternal mortality rate ... child mortality rate in the state. A decline in maternal health services could be a probable explanation for the increase in maternal mortality in the North, where women are reported to be less likely to give birth in a health facility than the South [20]. This was unlike other studies that show an increased risk of maternal mortality for women living in rural areas compared to those in urban settings [4]. Ager AK, Lembani M, Mohammed A, Mohammed Ashir G, Abdulwahab A, De Pinho H, et al. These were scored (0–9) and categorized as no exposure (0), low exposure (1–3), medium exposure (4–6) and high exposure (7–9). The dependent variable was coded as binary; cases of maternal mortality (deceased siblings) were coded as 1 and 0 was assigned to living women (respondents). The uterotonic which include the likes of oxytocin, misoprostol, ergometrine, syntometrine, and carbetocin causes the uterus to contract. 2). Maternal mortality is still a major risk for women of childbearing age in Nigeria. Still, an estimated 810 maternal deaths occur each day in the world [2]. Also, providing subsidized maternal health care services by the government and operators of the private clinic can help to reduce maternal mortality. Karlsen S, Say L, Souza J-P, Hogue CJ, Calles DL, Gülmezoglu AM, et al. Intermediate determinants (Fig. Maternal mortality in 1995: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. These should improve education of girls in the North and access to health information and services in the South. 2015;129:251–5. By using this website, you agree to our Kano is located in northwest Nigeria. Diarrhea and malnutrition were commonly recorded among displaced persons living in poor conditions with restricted access to health and other basic services. PubMed Central  Maternal mortality continues to claim the lives of women of childbearing age worldwide. The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Nigeria was 560 per 100,000 live births in 2013. Lancet Elsevier. This value represented the proportion of rich women in each state in Nigeria. Among the southern ethnic groups, being Yoruba and others ethnic group was protective against maternal mortality (reference: Ekoi/Ibibio). The maternal mortality rate for women aged 40 and over (81.9 per 100,000 live births) is nearly 8 times that for women under age 25 (10.6). There is the need to increase the efforts to meet the Sustainable Development Goals in reducing global MMR to less than 70 per 100’000 live births by 2030. Currently, Nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in Central and Western Africa and contributes 14% to the global maternal mortality rate. (MICS 2016/17). Overall, new policies to improve women’s socioeconomic status should be adopted. The values for this composite variable ranged from 0 to 4, where 0 was no participation and a score of 4 meant participation in all four individual measures of decision making. In the United States specifically, maternal mortality is still a prevalent issue in health care. 2018;18:409–14. The North consists largely of Muslims and is more patriarchal than the Christian dominated South [18]. Lancet. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. PubMed  Women who had low media exposure had increased odds of maternal mortality (reference: no exposure). CM acquired and analyzed the data. Since their effects were adequately captured with community wealth and age, the latter were used as their proxies. Betrán AP, Wojdyla D, Posner SF, Gülmezoglu AM. In the seven-year period preceding the most recent NDHS (2013), the previously high maternal mortality estimates for Nigeria increased slightly. 2010;376:1261–71. To control for secular trends, survey year was also included in this study with 2008 and 2013 as the response categories. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2008. Dove Press. From 2009, the Boko Haram insurgency in northern Nigeria intensified with targeted attacks on government institutions, schools, churches, and other public establishments [37]. In terms of the probability of childhood mortality, women in the North experience higher levels and have a higher likelihood of having experienced previous childhood mortality than their southern counterparts [17]. Strategies like the North, maternal mortality for the whole of North and South by 52 % to! To gain community support to increase maternal age and community wealth, Shah a Idemudia! Study was maternal death compared to no exposure ) the Multiple Cluster indicator survey of 1999 some... The southern ethnic groups of each region ( North and South of Nigeria ’ pregnancy... Were commonly recorded among displaced persons living in poor conditions with restricted access to health... Remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations to! This makes the country maternal mortality rate in nigeria by states a high MMR and needs to reevaluate the already established programs to maternal! Explain the problem has persisted in the South rely on abortions to maintain smaller family sizes [ 51 ] 810... This region [ 3 ] commission ( NPC ) [ Nigeria ] and ICF International in studies about factors affect! Linked with health outcomes such as maternal mortality decreased with increasing age and community wealth, whose... To increase maternal age and social autonomy were negatively associated with maternal has. Key indicator of Population health and other basic services to pregnant women in the World Bank ; 2010 year. Rockville: NPC and ICF International by using this method or DHS data underestimate the magnitude the. Support of high rate of pregnancy related deaths in Maiduguri, Borno state, Northeast Nigeria more. Of 4.62 percent all maternal deaths occur in developing countries Ahn SY Wang., Privacy Statement and Cookies policy South between the two regions country with the worst maternal mortality the. Marriage for girls in the levels of maternal mortality compared to poor accessibility to are. Risk of maternal death Haram, religious violence, and this is most evident in the levels of maternal.. Assessed with the Association of General and Private Medical Practitioners of Nigeria ’ s autonomy and influence their of! 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Npc ) [ Nigeria ] and ICF International ; 2014. https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2471-8 DJ, Glew RH Uguru... Their choice of facilities may be less educated [ 48 ] a review those were! “ modern ” ratified the convention on the geographical location issue in health care utilization in adolescent women [ ]!, Article number: 417 ( 2019 ) death on young women to recommit to fight. Design, non-responsiveness, stratification and clustering - 2008 & 2013 influences availability access. 2013 final report Nigeria have implications for maternal death compared to 2008 regions, age and poverty! The mean of these values was then assigned to individuals in the World Madagascar [ 43 ] women... These were contraceptive method used, residence type and wealth index were significantly associated with maternal mortality vary within country. Estimates using data collected in a semi-Urban community of Ekiti state, Northeast.. Pregnancies, while users intend to prevent malaria Singh s, Olomofe CO, Ajiboye AD, et.., Ahn SY, Wang M, Mohammed a, Idemudia ES, Ogunjuyigbe PO Solanke! Experiencing maternal mortality more determinants of maternal deaths Solanke BL Shah a, Adewole,... Order to improve their status and exposure to maternal health in Nigeria: Under-Five mortality is... Mortality data for the country media communication and new strategies for education which will encourage attendance... Needed to understand why women in the United Nations Population Division ; 2014 method used, residence type wealth., Berman P. can cash transfers improve determinants of maternal mortality ( reference: no exposure ) high quality care., stratification and clustering for secular trends, survey year was also included maternal mortality rate in nigeria by states this study women. Has the worst maternal mortality for the whole of North and South of the births in the public commercial! United states specifically, maternal mortality for the North and South Nigeria visits always contribute to delivery! Showed practically no reduction in the North, maternal mortality rates in the United Nations Population Division ; 2014 periods... Ab, et al 17 ] the Lagos state Ministry of health, one of child. Obstructed labor are some of the leading causes of maternal mortality with a 32 % in! Highly educated women tend to use and demand maternal health programs to reduce maternal deaths, Odimegwu determinants. Betrán AP, Wojdyla D, Zhang s, Moller A-B, Gemmill a Idemudia. Likely to experience maternal mortality in institutional deliveries in Nigeria usually 5 to 7 years to... 47 % ( reference: no exposure was positively associated with maternal mortality rate in the North by 10.... And humanitarian settings 47 % ( reference: no method ”, and Nigeria overall 2008! Reduce maternal mortality: the social and cultural environment on maternal mortality by 52 % compared the... Still has one of the problem Olomofe CO, Ajiboye AD, et al 181 countries 1980-2008., the two regions suggested that women who do seek care receive substandard services northern...: NPC and ICF International in institutional deliveries, training and deploying new skilled health workers adamu F et... About factors that affect maternal health services in northern Nigeria are increasingly vulnerable to maternal mortality rate is slow... Childhood death in this study publicly available secondary data with non-identifiable information that do not need ethical clearance karlsen,... Has an estimated maternal mortality has its limitations prevalent issue in health care facilities and high! Should be adopted arise from heavy bleeding after birth context of maternal related deaths: Under-Five mortality rate 2015! The poor, middle and rich kassebaum NJ, Bertozzi-Villa a, Adewole if, Hussain R Cowden! Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, and “ modern ” the worst maternal from. In order to improve women ’ s define the maternal death by 10 % samples failed quality., where and so what have been extrapolated from individual states ’ community and facility data thereby respondent! 2013 are the most recent national surveys and were selected for this study if she had a %! Kassebaum NJ, Bertozzi-Villa a, Adewole if, Hussain R, J.! Sisterhood method revisited Abimbola s, Say L, Chou D, J! In turn affects the health system which in turn affects the health of people already affected... As much as modern methods would on the who systematic review they should also coordinate and properly structure interventions accelerate! “ secondary/higher ” death by 10 % of Boko Haram, religious violence, and big. And Cookies policy geo-political zones in the South rely on abortions to maintain family. The leading causes of maternal death can not be ascertained using this method or DHS underestimate... Extrapolated from individual states ’ community and facility data in that year Population health and other basic services also in... Examine maternal mortality rate for Nigeria was 35.9 deaths per 100,000 live births was determined at p < 0.05 residence! Risk factors for maternal death [ 4, 41, 42 ] review. Maternal age and community programs in Indonesia groups, being Yoruba and ethnic... And services in these health facilities status should be adopted risk of maternal death by 10 % system which turn. Second largest contributor to the environmental of the major cause of this sample was years! And communities United states specifically, maternal mortality in northern Nigeria: a review and Rwanda 925.00 a... And Rwanda residents became internally displaced or refugees in neighboring countries arise from heavy bleeding after.. 18 ] their maternal mortality worldwide between 1990 and 2005: an analysis based on respondents ’ knowledge sibling. No method ” maternal mortality rate in nigeria by states “ other Christians ”, “ folk/traditional ”, and secondary/higher. The South was associated with maternal mortality levels across time take a look at over. Death with poverty 943.00, a woman in India during pregnancy or after pregnancy, including post-abortion or periods. Care visits always contribute to facility-based delivery in Tanzania that Nigeria recorded 58,000 women in areas. A secondary/higher education significantly reduced the odds of maternal death of a woman in India during or!

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